Q1. How water turbine works to produce electricity?
A water turbine generates electricity by harnessing the kinetic and potential energy of flowing water. Water stored at a higher elevation flows down through pipes or channels, gaining speed and kinetic energy. When this fast-moving water hits the turbine blades, it transfers its energy to the turbine, causing it to spin. The design of these blades is critical in efficiently converting the water's energy into mechanical energy. As the turbine spins, it drives a generator connected to it, converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can then be distributed for use.
Q2. Hydroelectric generators have several advantages and disadvantages
Hydroelectric generators offer significant advantages, such as being a renewable and clean energy source with low operating costs and high efficiency, and they can provide a reliable power supply due to their storage capability. However, they also come with disadvantages, including high initial construction costs, potential environmental impacts like ecosystem disruption and community displacement, geographical limitations requiring specific site conditions, vulnerability to droughts affecting power generation, and issues with sedimentation and erosion that can reduce efficiency over time.
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